Semi-natural grasslands in Scandinavia have been created by humans since many millennia ago, but the agricultural intensification in the last few centuries caused them to decline heavily. Accordingly, the biodiversity associated to these open, nutrient-poor habitats declined as well and many remnant populations are slowly declining and threatened to go extinct. In this study, I focused on declin

Insects are the most diverse group of animals, and among the largest contributors to species richness, accounting for around 66% of known species on Earth. Insects are extremely important pollinators, and to understand the timing of pollination, age distribution within time could give important information. Pollinator phenologies advance more rapidly than plant phenologies that can lead to pollina

The Aim of this thesis was to answer the research question “what are the actors that create an social atmosphere and how do these actors collectively form and maintain the affective atmosphere at maid cafes”. This was done by explaining the modern life in japan with muen shakai, and the collapse of the traditional family structure. This was then put in connection to an explanation of previous rese

The endemic Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is considered the most threatened crocodile species globally and is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. The species was considered extinct on Luzon Island until the discovery of a remnant population in 1999. This led to the first in-situ conservation measures and later community-based conservation. Public perception has pr

Introductions of managed honeybees has been shown to negatively affect wild bees due to increased competition for resources, which threatens to dismantle key ecosystem functions such as pollination. This thesis aims to assess the influence of hive proximity on wild bee richness and abundance, as well as niche overlap, and if these processes are mediated by functional traits and environmental facto

The Gulf of Thailand is a region with a relatively high coral cover, despite having many stressors on the reef such as the bi-annual monsoon and high temperatures. Assessing coral reefs in this area can provide insight into how these reefs maintain their coral cover and seem to replenish the reef, increasing resilience to future extreme events. This study assesses the conditions on the reef flat a

The understanding of interspecific interactions is key to understanding the complexity, diversity, and evolution of land plants. Bryophytes, including mosses, are a diverse group of non-vascular plants that are especially important to study, as they are key parts of ecosystems, are chemically diverse, and have a gametophyte dominant life history. Genetic studies revolving around interspecific inte

Sammanfattning Som en konsekvens av den pågående debatten om vattenkraftverkens samhällsnytta och klimatpåverkan finns ett allt större krav på att riva eller miljöanpassa kraftverksdammar i Sverige. I Rönne å i Klippans kommun har tre vattenkraftverk lagt ner sin elproduktion i samband med att dammarna ska rivas nästa år. I det här examensarbete tar jag ställning till en ny potentiell framtid förAbstract As a consequence of the ongoing debate about the human benefits and detrimental climate impact of hydropower plants, there is an increasing call to either demolish the dams or environmentally adapt them across Sweden. In Rönne å, three hydropower plants have shut down their electric production as their dams are set to be demolished next year. In my thesis, I take a position on a new pote

In this thesis we performed a pooled cohort study to investigate the role of radiomics in head and neck cancer prognosis. The aim was to investigate prognostic value for overall survival and cancer recurrence of radiomics combined with previously studied demographic and clinical risk factors. Radiomics features were extracted from the gross tumor volume on a computed tomography captured prior to r

In the past decade, studies have examined how the Russian-speaking minority reacted to changes in citizenship, language, and memory politics. However, one aspect that has not been studied is the response to educational policy changes during an ongoing conflict. This study investigates the resistance strategies of Russian-speaking mesolevel actors against minority education policy changes before an

Nanowires are promising structures for improving light absorption due to their enhanced optical properties compared to bulk materials. Silicon is a suitable semiconducting material for driving water splitting in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, and is particularly attractive due to its small bandgap as well as its relative abundance and low cost. PEC cells can be enhanced by including silicon na

Photoperiod, the relative duration of daylight in a 24-hour diel-cycle, is an environmental cue that influences physiological processes in birds, regulating life-history events such as reproduction and migration. Here we study whether variations in photoperiod affect migratory behaviors, including activity, orientation, and body mass, across bird species during 2023 spring and autumn migration. Ou

Understanding the dynamic of a population via either abundance or density is crucial for wildlife conservation. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a commonly distributed, yet elusive species, playing a major role in the ecosystem. Usually monitored with genetic sampling, hunted bags, or telemetry data, the use of camera traps for bear monitoring is still to this day a rarely used, yet promising meth

Restaurering av betesmarker i Ecuador: Växtkrav för Salvia corrugata och Macleania rupestris Övergivna betesmarker och fält i det syd-andinska landskapet i Ecuador har ofta under lång tid utsätts för urlakning av näringsämnen och jordpackning, något som begränsar den naturliga etableringen av träd och buskar. Då mängden övergiven mark ökar blir landskapet alltmer fragmenterat och inhemska växt arThe Andes of Ecuador are known for an outstanding biodiversity but is also a region where the abandonment rate of agricultural land is high, highlighting the need for forest restoration with native species. Here, the germination and growth requirements for propagation of the hummingbird pollinated bush species Salvia corrugata and Macleania rupestris were studied to better understand their suitabi

Heathlands have been identified as ecosystems which store large amounts of carbon, especially in soil, which is very important for climate change mitigation. Ericoid mycorrhizae, which are the symbiosis between mycorrhizal fungi and ericaceous plants and which often dominate in heathlands, have been proposed as drivers of soil organic carbon storage through their production of recalcitrant melaniz

Lunds Universitetssjukhus är det största sjukhuset i Skåne. Sjukhuset närmar sig 100 år och behöver moderniseras och därför kommer en omplacering av sjukhusområdet att göras omkring år 2040. Denna studie undersöker svagheter och möjligheter för kollektivtrafik till det nya sjukhusområdet för att kunna möta behovet av kollektivtrafik år 2040. Studien bygger på en litteraturstudie tillsammans med enThis study examines the challenges and opportunities for public transport to meet the future demand for Lund University Hospital which will be reloacted in 2040. Based on a survey targeting on employees at the current hospital (N=780), the result reveals that employees younger than 40 are driving as much as the group above 65, while the age group between 40 and 65 is mostly using either public tra

Anolis sagrei exhibit a female limited dorsal pattern polymorphism with two discrete pattern morphs (chevron or diamond). The underlying genetic basis has been traced to a Mendelian autosomal locus (gene CCDC170) which is adjacent to the gene for estrogen receptor one (ESR1). Thus, this model system gives an excellent opportunity to study the origin and maintenance of new phenotypic variants. In t

Naturlig selektion i vilda skalbaggspopulationer Naturlig selektion är en nyckelfaktor för evolutionen. Även om vi vet att mängden variation i egenskaper (fenotyper) ger råmaterial för selektion och om den är genetisk påverkar evolutionens hastighet, har vi fortfarande mycket att lära om hur naturlig selektion påverkar specifika egenskaper över tid. I min examensuppsats undersökte jag hur naturliNatural selection is an important force behind evolution. It is well known that phenotypic variation provides opportunity for evolution, but research into how selection acts on specific traits over time is lacking. In this thesis, I studied how selection acts upon the shape and body size of the beetle Cassida viridis. Across three populations, I measured size (length and area), shape, and lifespan

Billions of birds migrate thousands of kilometres twice a year. The migration is an energetic challenge, with over 70% of the total energy expenditure being spent at stopover sites. There are different strategies birds can use to conserve energy, such as reducing the metabolic rate. This study aimed to investigate the potential nighttime energy saving in long-distance versus short-distance migrati

Involving a controlled reduction of body temperature (lowering of 3 - 10 °C), nocturnal hypothermia is a common strategy among birds to manage the high energy expenditure required for body temperature regulation, particularly during periods of elevated metabolic demands. In this study, I investigated whether migrating passerines generally use controlled nocturnal hypothermia as a migratory strateg