Galaxies with high redshift (z) are galaxies in the early universe, and they differ from local ones. They often show more irregular morphologies and significantly different kinematic properties, as turbulent motion dominates. These early galaxies have higher gas velocity dispersion (σ) and lower rotation-to-dispersion (vrot/σ) values. Recent findings from both the JWST and the Atacama Large Millim

Användningen av artificiell intelligens har exploderat under de senaste fem åren. Artificiell intelligens kan utvecklas på flera sätt. Ett av de vanligaste sätten är att använda ett neuralt nätverk, vilket kan liknas vid en digital hjärna. För att förstå hur ett neuralt nätverk fungerar kan följande tankeexperiment användas. Föreställ dig att du försöker lära en robot att åka skidor. I början harS-Rprop is an extension of resilient backpropagation (Rprop), which introduces mini-batch learning to the Rprop algorithm. This is done by using two different mini-batch sizes, one for the learning rate and one for the weight updates, allowing for an accurate learning-rate update whilst gaining the fast weight updates of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimizer. In this paper, the concept o

In forensics, identifying and comparing DNA is common practice. One way to analyse DNA is through high-resolution DNA melting. When melting DNA experimentally, the rate of a given sequence of DNA denaturing from its double-helix form into two separate strands is measured as a function of temperature. In this thesis, the application of high-resolution DNA melting analysis to distinguish individual

Particle exchange heat engines are a novel class of cyclic heat engines that are all-electrical, contain no moving parts and can therefore be scaled down to nanometer size. At the center of their operation is the manipulation of a particle flow between a hot and a cold reservoir through energy filtering mechanisms, where their efficiency depends primarily on the sharpness of the energy filter. In

Background: Understanding the relationship between serum ferritin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes is crucial for improving risk stratification and guiding therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study aimed to identify distinct clusters of individuals with type 2 diabetes who have varying risks of MACE using a data-driven

Background: Management of traumatic spinal cord injury is complex and depends on a multidisciplinary approach involving pre-hospital services, spinal surgery, intensive care unit treatment and specialized rehabilitation. International clinical practice guidelines for the handling of these patients offer specific recommendations regarding transportation, radiological investigations, timing of surge

Background & aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly rectal cancer, often requires neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) as part of its treatment plan. Although effective, RT can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. Because the onset of RT-induced tissue injury can be anticipated, there is an opportunity to apply preventive measures before the damage occurs. This study aimed to assess

In this thesis, the required shielding for biologically safe radiation levels during the operation of the shortHIBEAM beamline at the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden, is presented. The shortHIBEAM beamline is 25 meter long, including a 10- meter magnetically shielded section, a detector and an optional shutter system inside the bunker wall. The shortHIBEAM beamline model was desig

Föreställ dig att inga fler människor ska behöva dö av cancer. Det låter som en utopi, men med hjälp av ny teknik kommer diagnosticering och behandling av cancer att förbättras avsevärt och fler människor kunna hjälpas. Redan nu klarar maskininlärning av att diagnostisera bröstcancer med större träffsäkerhet än vad erfarna radiologer kan. Det är inte bara bröstcancervården som kommer kunna dra nytDue to the increasing incidence rates of skin cancer, there is an urgent need for novel technologies that can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outlook. In a previous study, a machine learning model was developed to automatically delineate skin tumours from non-invasive hyperspectral images. However, the reliability of the model was undermined by difficulties with a preprocessing step in whi

The delay between the origin of animals in the Neoproterozoic and their Cambrian diversification remains perplexing. Animal diversification mirrors an expansion in marine shelf area under a greenhouse climate, though the extent to which these environmental conditions directly influenced physiology and early organismal ecology remains unclear. Here, we use a biogeochemical model to quantify oxygen

We address the structure of homogeneous mixtures of equal volumes of water and oil rendered miscible by the addition of amphiphilic molecules. Specifically, we study the pathway from regular ternary solutions to structured microemulsions with increasing amphiphilic chain length, i.e., increasing i and j for alkyl polyglycol ether surfactants (CiEj) from C3E0 (i.e., propanol) to C5E2, using contras

Business model innovation (BMI) plays a key role in driving sustainability transitions, yet its interplay with the broader socio-technical system is often overlooked. This study investigates BMI in the emerging niche of insect-based food and feed in Sweden, employing a combined Business Model Design Space (BMDS) and dynamic capabilities perspective. Drawing on interviews with ten insect firms, we

This study inventories, classifies, and evaluates the hydrological heritage of North Macedonia, categorizing key features into four main groups: (1) river basins, including rivers and waterfalls; (2) springs, classified as karst and thermal; (3) natural lakes, subdivided into tectonic, glacial, landslide, denudation, and karst types; and (4) marshes. Recent measurements have shown a significant de

Patents are among the most common proxies for innovation, and a long-standing discussion is therefore to what extent patents can be used to monitor trends in innovation activity. This study proposes a new straightforward approach to measure the amount and quality of information content of a data source, where information is approached as a transmission from a source to a receiver through a noisy c

The development of treatment resistance remains universal for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, driven by androgen receptor alterations and lineage state transitions. Identifying the evolution of lineage transitions in treatment resistance has been limited by the challenges of collecting serial tissue biopsies on treatment, which can be overcome using blood-based liquid biopsies. Using a n