This article provides an overview of some of the complex issues involved in reconstructing and visualizing past landscapes. It discusses the importance of empirical data and introduces some of the terminology necessary for understanding methods which are often considered more in the domain of the natural sciences than humanities. Current methods and practices are put in the context of environmenta

UNLABELLED: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous opportunistic human pathogen and a major health concern worldwide, causing a wide variety of diseases from mild skin infections to systemic disease. S. aureus is a major source of severe secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza A virus infection, which causes widespread morbidity and mortality. While the phenomenon of secondary bacterial pneum

The type and potency of an immune response provoked during vaccination will determine ultimate success in disease prevention. The basis for this response will be the design and implementation of antigen presentation to the immune system. Whereas direct antigen administration will elicit some form of immunological response, a more sophisticated approach would couple the antigen of interest to a vec

In the words of Wehner (J Comp Physiol A 161:511–531, 1987) who first coined the term “matched filter” in the context of sensory systems, matched filters “severely limit the amount of information the brain can pick up from the outside world, but they free the brain from the need to perform more intricate computations to extract the information finally needed for fulfilling a particular task”. In o

Wind energy continues to be one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources under development, and while representing a clean energy source, it is not environmentally neutral. Large numbers of bats are being killed at utility-scale wind energy facilities worldwide, raising concern about cumulative impacts of wind energy development on bat populations. We discuss our current state of knowledge

The current work focus on the overlay method proposed by Austrell concerning frequency dependence of the dynamic modulus and loss angle that is known to increase more with frequency for small amplitudes than for large amplitudes. The original version of the overlay method yields no difference in frequency dependence with respect to different load amplitudes. However, if the elements in the viscoel

The collection of chapters in this book present the concept of matched filters: Response characteristics “matching” the characteristics of crucially important sensory inputs, which allows detection of vital sensory stimuli while sensory inputs not necessary for the survival of the animal tend to be filtered out, or sacrificed. The individual contributions discuss that the evolution of sensing syst

In the English-speaking world, the idea of human-robot interaction in natural language has been well established. The tools for other languages are lacking, more specifically, Scandinavian languages are not supported by robot programming environments. The RobotLab at Lund University has a programming environment with English natural language programming. In this paper a module for Swedish natural

Ecosystem responses to changes in species diversity are often studied individually. However, changes in species diversity can simultaneously influence multiple interdependent ecosystem functions. Therefore, an important challenge is to determine when and how changes in species diversity that influence one function will also drive changes in other functions. By providing the underlying structure of