This thesis aims to examine the lexical and typological change found in the Western European language families of Germanic, Romance and Celtic over the last two millennia. The method used was to create one lexical and one typological database and the data was analysed according to etic grids. Tree models were generated from the results of the databases and the groups found in the tree models were

During the last decades, the policies of trade liberalization and export promotion have been crucial to Central America's economic growth. Because of the linkages between trade and the environment, this dramatic shift in Central America’s trade patterns could have important implications for the environment and use of natural resources. This paper looks at the dynamics between trade and the env

Lantbruket har en påverkan på miljön och därmed jordens ekosystem. Det är viktigt att lantbruket utvecklas på ett sådant sätt att dess påverkan på ekosystemen bli så liten som möjlig. Processer i ekosystemen ger upphov till ekosystemtjänster. Det är ekosystemtjänsterna som ger oss mat, reglerar klimatet, gör näringscykler möjliga med mycket mer. Ett hållbart lantbruk bör därför inte påverka ekosysAgriculture has an impact on the environment and therefore the ecosystems. It is important that the agriculture is managed in such a way that the impacts on the ecosystems are as small as possible. The processes in the ecosystems give rise to ecosystem services. It is the ecosystem services that give us food, regulates the climate, fuel nutrient cycles and a lot more. A sustainable agriculture sho

Author: Peter Andréasson Title: Can’t you choose for me? – A study on the effects of consumer choice within elder-care on the home-care organizers [translated title] Supervisor: Peter Andersson The aim of this essay was to study the way home care organizers (HCO) see their role with regards to the situation that arises when an elderly person is put to the choice of which home care provider they w

In many urban spaces in the United States, the personal vehicle continues to shape the landscape in unsustainable ways that prioritize the economically and socially dominant groups in society and cater to urban sprawl. Equitable access to density-promoting public transportation is often marginalized, creating transportation challenges for economically and socially disadvantaged groups. Throughout

This report is a master thesis authored at Lund University. The goal is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages using different methods when mapping and identifying dependencies and impacts to urban flows for societal functions. Urban flows is a new concept used in dependency analysis and therefore one of the aims is to investigate whether this concept is practically useful or if it is too comple

In order to manage the image of a city in a highly medialized world it is important that the key features of the brand is correlating with the overall media image. This paper exams the impact of Malmö Stads vision-report in the media portrayal of the city between 1997-2012. The aim is to describe, explain and problematize the media image of Malmö in the biggest swedish publications and compare tha

Voyage charterparties, as one of the most common carriage contracts, has its own specific provisions which govern the legal relationship of the engaged parties. One of those specifications relates to the concept of laytime which is defined as the time during which the charterer can load or discharge the cargo. In this work the author tries to discuss the requirements that should be fulfilled to co

The Japanese evidentials yooda and rashii both express inference, but it is difficult to articulate their difference. This paper presents a new theory that can explain the practical use of said evidentials, including cases that are problematic for previous research. A secondary use where they adjectivize a noun or predicate has also been taken into consideration, to avoid cross-contamination betwe

Understanding affordance is a bottom-up process that lets simple visual features be used as clues on how to use an object, so that reasonable interactions with objects can be achieved, without any semantic knowledge. Linear splines are proposed as a way for robots to fast and continuously learn how their actions affect their surroundings. The general conclusions that they can draw from only little

In a wastewater treatment plant, particles (activated sludge) are separated from the liquid in a process called continuous sedimentation. This process is of crucial importance when purifying water in a wastewater treatment plant. This report will focus on a special case of sedimentation, namely batch sedimentation, which means that no flux into or out from the sedimentation tank are present. The g

This thesis explores the gender earnings gaps in urban Ecuador during the period between 2003 and 2012. The difference between the female average earnings and the male average earnings increases from 7% in 2003 to 12% in 2012. Thus, exploring if this increase is a common pattern of the gender earnings gap across the distribution, the links between the gaps and occupational segregation, the differe

The importance of entrepreneurship in our society is the way it stimulate the markets through alertness to opportunities, and being creational of new opportunity-ideas. However, entrepreneurship is usually constrained by normative, regulative and cognitive mechanisms that enforces and forms the basis on which the entrepreneur operates. This leads us to the primary question of this thesis: to ident

When consumers today navigate and shop online they meet different types of advertisements, both directly on the e-commerce website and through other channels. Many companies use personalized marketing as a way to create relationships with consumers. However, personalization today is a sensitive area and often twinned with privacy issues. Many consumers feel as they are being stalked. The purpose o

In this work two versions of Oauth have been analyzed, the protocol OAuth 1.0a and the newer framework OAuth 2.0. A higher version number is often considered a good thing, but OAuth 2.0 has encountered much criticism. It has been criticised of not being safe enough while OAuth 1.0a was criticised of being very complicated protocol to implement, which has stopped it from growing as expected. The fo

Public transportation gets paralyzed every year when winter conditions occur and the purpose of this thesis has been to summarize experiences from tram cities, mainly in Scandinavia, and suggest solutions to the problems identified. Material was collected from Stockholm, Gothenburg, Norrköping, Oslo, Trondheim, Helsinki and Budapest. Operating the tramway during winter leads to problems specific t

The number of reported errors on the catenary is relatively few in comparison with errors relating to the remaining parts of the railway system. This is an interesting fact, as errors linked to the catenary causes 30% of the total train delays. The substantial delay effect may be due to the many different companies participating in the railway business, and the several technical components correla